Nitazoxanide

Nitazoxanide is a clinically useful antiparasitic agent. It has since been repurposed as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent that is active against many RNA and DNA viruses including influenza, hepatitis B and C, RSV, coronavirus, dengue and others. Its antiparasitic activity is believed to be due to inhibition of pyruvate:ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductases. Antiviral activity involves activation of protein kinase activated by double-stranded RNA (PKR) leading to phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α). Nitazoxanide has also been found to inhibit Wnt signaling independent of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), targeting peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) resulting in increased citrullination of β-catenin.